Multiview 3-d display for sequentially projecting images into wide field of view

ABSTRACT

This invention relates to a multiview 3-dimentional display for sequentially projecting high number of 2-dimensional images of aspect angles of objects (scenes) into the wide field of view (apparatus) for producing their 3-dimentional images. The 3D image is perceived with great depth, provides comfortable conditions for its viewing without eye strain. The viewing of such 3D image also does not require using any supplementary means such as glasses or tracking devices, does not limit the position of the viewer in the field of view. This allows viewing the 3D image by many viewers simultaneously. The 3D display of the present invention can be used in computer and TV systems for transforming 2-dimentional images of aspect angles of virtual and real, static and moving 3D objects into corresponding signals and transmitting said signals for reproducing 2-dimentional by 3D display.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional application No.60/758,747 filed on Jan. 13, 2006, which application is incorporatedherein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates generally to optical-electronic technologyand, more specifically, to optical-electrical apparatuses and systemsfor reproducing 3-dimensional images, as well as for recording andtransmitting 3-dimensional stereo representations of static and movingobjects.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Building equipment for viewing 3-dimensional (volumetric and, inparticular, stereo) representations is an entirely appealing andachievable task. Such equipment can have very wide application both infields of science, in engineering development, in industrial production,in medicine, as well as in computer systems, advertising, show business,design, simulators and gaming equipment, and in movie and televisiontechnology. This last field is particularly attractive in view of itswide dispersion and societal demand. It is significant in this regard,that for effective and wide use of the technology of 3-dimensional(volumetric) TV, principles must be developed for construction not onlyof 3-dimensional display equipment, but also for suitable technology fortransmitting equipment.

The capacity for 3-dimensional vision is inherent in humans. It istherefore natural that inventors have long sought methods and equipmentfor representation and display of 3-dimensional objects. More than 150years ago studies were already being conducted on binocular vision andexperience was gained in construction of stereoscopic devices (CharlesWhearstone, Contributions to the physiology of vision.-Part the first.On some remarkable, and hitherto unobserved, phenomena of binocularvision. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 1838).From that time, and especially recently, a great number of inventionshave been registered in this field. These take many directions andemploy different principles for construction of equipment and in theirapproach to the task. One of these directions is use of“auto-stereoscopic” methods and equipment using the “principles of3-dimensional vision without glasses” (Selected Papers onThree-Dimensional Displays. Editor Stephen A. Benton. Introduction. SPIEMilestone Series, Vol. MS 162, Stephen A. Benton. Autostereoscopybecomes holography: historical connections. Three- Dimensional Video andDisplay: Devices and Systems. Proceedings of a conference held. November2000, Boston, Mass., pp. 154-167). There is also the possibility ofreproduction of both static displays and moving scenes (objects).

In turn, within this direction it is possible to distinguish a fewfundamental approaches. A number of systems have been built on theprinciple of the existence of special (discrete, fixed) spatial zones towhich the right and left eyes of the viewer must be directed in order torealize a stereoscopic effect. In these systems there can be only twozones (U.S. Pat No. 6,268,881, 2001) or more (U.S. Pat. No. 6,476,850,2002, U.S. Pat. No. 6,533,420, 2003). However with these systems therecontinually arises the problem of tracking, that is, the necessity offixing the position of the eyes (and head) of the viewer in order todirect vision to these zones. This is a major inconvenience and limitsacceptance of such equipment.

One variant for solution of this problem is the use of various systemsfor automatic tracking of the position of the eyes (or head) of theviewer and alignment of the zones themselves, or the use ofsupplementary equipment to facilitate correction of the position of theviewer himself (U.S. Pat. No. 5,742,332, 1998, U.S. Pat. No. 5,712,732,1998, U.S. Pat. No. 6,337,721, 2002, U.S. Pat. No. 5,930,037, 1999).Such systems, besides the necessity of employing a relatively complextracking mechanism, are not intended for simultaneous use by multipleviewers.

There are a number of systems, also called “volumetric” displays, inwhich a volumetric (3-dimensional) representation is reproduced eitherusing displacement of a 2-dimensional screen in the distance (U.S. Pat.No. 2,198,678, 1940) or its rotation with respect to the vertical axis(U.S. pat. No. 4,160,973, 1979, U.S. Pat. No. 6,487,020, 2002), or usinga large-scale multilayer display (U.S. Pat. No. 5,745,197, 1998), or byfocusing illumination on a dispersing medium (U.S. Pat. No. 3,632,866,1972). The main and most significant defect of such systems is that theydo not facilitate a “shading effect” (Selected Papers onThree-Dimensional Displays. Editor Stephen A. Benton. Introduction. SPIEMilestone Series, Vol. MS 162). In addition, in those variants usingmechanical displacement of screens (back-and-forth in the “distance” orrotational), producing systems with large screens is technologicallyunrealistic.

Systems are also known, in which matrices of spatial light modulators(SLMs) are joined to matrices of micro-lenses (or holographic opticalelements) (U.S. Pat. No. 5,581,378, 1996). However, each element of theoptical matrix must contain a large number of SLM elements (and eachelement of the optical matrix must be joined to a large number of STLMelements). Because of this, it is possible to show simultaneously themajority of aspects and to produce a representation of a 3-dimensionalobject. However the practical value of such a display can only berealized through the use of SLMs, which would require thousands ofadditional elements compared to SLMs developed at the present time.However, existing technology is still not sufficient for realization ofthese parameters.

There is also a system in which the aspects of 3-dimensionalrepresentation are shown sequentially using fast-moving SLMs, which fordisplay of each aspect is illuminated at various (corresponding) angles(U.S Pat. No. 5,132,839, 1992). The main, and at present unresolved,problem. significantly limiting the practical use of this technicalsolution is the absence of STLMs capable of rapid movement and ofsufficiently large dimensions (only systems the size of a micro-displayexist).

The majority of stereo (3-dimensional) displays described above can alsobe used to show stereo TV programs, but with significant limitations,which are the result of the defects mentioned above. In addition, thesesystems lack corresponding systems for display and transmission ofstereo representation of 3-dimensional objects.

However, there is a system for 3-dimensional television that includesboth a 3-dimensional display and a working system for display andtransmission of stereo representation of 3-dimensional objects. Based ona series of significant indicators, this patent is closest to theproposed invention and is taken as a prototype (U.S. Pat. No. 3,932,699,1976).

In this system the illumination (light) from the 3-dimensional scene isdirected, using a converging lens (objective), to a matrix ofmicro-lenses and, passing through the matrix, it strikes aphoto-detection system (television transmitting camera). The matrix ofmicro-lenses, in this case, is a lenticular array, consisting of a largenumber of vertically aligned cylindrical lenses. Such a matrixdiscriminates (spatially) the illumination from various aspects of theobject and brings into focus each element of the representation ofvarious aspects on various corresponding parts in the plane of focus inwhich is located the photo-detection surface (the transmittingtelevision camera). In this way, all possible representations of theaspects of a 3-dimensional object in this optical system, digitized andspatially arranged in relation to each other, are simultaneouslyprojected on the photo-detection equipment. Electrical signals,corresponding to the location of various elements of the representationof the aspects, are received in the photo-detection equipment as usualand are transmitted through a communications channel to the receivingequipment—a 3-dimensional stereo display. The 3-dimensional stereodisplay, including a normal (2-dimensional) TV display (monitor),reproduces elements of the representation's aspects. Then theillumination from these elements passes to a different matrix ofmicro-lenses on the surface of the monitor, and then to a differentmatrix of micro-lenses in the transmitting equipment. Elements of thematrix used in the display are arranged in a similar manner with respectto the picture reproduced by the monitor and direct their illuminationto the viewer at various angles corresponding to the various aspects ofthe 3-dimensional object (scene).

Regarding a system using a component for producing a stereoscopicrepresentation, this well-known technical solution (U.S. Pat. No.3,932,699, 1976) can also be seen as a prototype.

This prototype has the following defects:

-   -   Both the photo-detecting transmitting camera and the display        monitor require a large number of elements (a large computing        capacity) in order to display a sufficiently high-quality        3-dimensional representation at acceptable viewing angles, that        is, to provide comfortable conditions for viewers. Thus, at the        usual resolution for TV (no less than 500 elements per line) in        order to present a 3-dimensional representation with acceptably        high quality at an angle of about 20 degrees, the camera and,        correspondingly, the monitor, must contain more than 50,000        horizontal elements, which is unrealistic given the present        state of technology in this field.    -   To provide a quality reproduction of a volumetric stereo        representation on a 3-dimensional display, it is necessary that        the elements comprising the 2-dimensional component of the        display be very precisely placed with respect to the elements of        the micro-lens matrix, which is a complex technological problem        considering the unavoidable distortion of images (mainly of        scale) in present-day equipment.

The task of the invention is the design of equipment for transmissionand display of representations of 3-dimensional objects (scenes), bothstatic and moving, which provides comfortable viewing conditions(perception): which, in order to produce the desired perception, doesnot require the use by the viewer of either supplementary means such asspecial glasses or tracking devices, which does not drasticallyconstrain the position of the viewer with respect to the display, andwhich facilitates viewing of the 3-dimensional representationsimultaneously by multiple viewers in a sufficiently wide field of view.In addition, such equipment must be scalable -- it must be possible tomanufacture displays (screens) of both small and large (for a largenumber of viewers) dimensions, and they must use simple and complexcomponents that are presently in production and available. It is alsoimportant to minimize the dimensions and mass of the equipment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The drawings are intended to be illustrative and symbolicrepresentations of certain exemplary embodiments of the presentinvention and as such, they are not necessarily drawn to scale. Likereference numerals are used to designate like features throughout theseveral views of the drawings.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where FIG. 1 shows theprincipal diagram of an apparatus for reproducing 3-dimensional images.

FIG. 2—an apparatus using an SLM and a light source.

FIG. 3—a color apparatus using a single SLM.

FIG. 4—a color apparatus using two SLMs.

FIG. 5—an apparatus using a telescopic optical system.

FIG. 6—an apparatus using a spatial filter.

FIG. 7—an apparatus using lenticular matrices.

FIG. 8—an appratus using a fiber-optic matrix.

FIG. 9—the main diagram of a television stereoscopic system.

FIG. 10—the main diagram of a block for producing signals of a2-dimensional images for a stereoscopic television system.

FIG. 11—a diagram of a block for producing signals of 2-dimensionalimages for a color 3-dimensional stereo TV.

FIG. 12—a diagram of a block for producing signals of 2-dimensionalimages using a telescopic optical system.

FIG. 13—a 3-dimensional stereo TV using a fiber-optic matrix.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention is intended for construction (development) of equipmentfor reproduction of static and moving (live) 3-dimensional stereorepresentations (3-dimensional display) and equipment capable ofrecording and transmitting stereo representations of 3-dimensionalobjects (scenes). This includes the task of producing equipment thatprovides to the user comfortable conditions of viewing a volumetricrepresentation. These conditions should not require use of anysupplementary means such as glasses, should not drastically limit theposition of the viewer with respect to the display, and should allowsimultaneous viewing of the 3-dimensional display by many viewers from asufficiently wide field of view.

Another requirement is construction of relatively compact equipment, forwhich it is possible to use elements and compound components that arepresently in production and available.

This invention can be used for building 3-dimensional displays forcomputers, television (TV) receivers and other equipment, used fordemonstration of 3-dimensional stereo representation of virtual andreal, static and moving objects and, in particular, in volumetric TVsystems. This invention can be used for building 3-dimensional displaysfor computers, television (TV) receivers and other equipment, used fordemonstration of 3-dimensional stereo representation of virtual andreal, static and moving objects and, in particular, in volumetric TVsystems. This invention also concerns equipment for producing2-dimensional pictures of 3-dimensional representations of real, staticand moving objects, their transformation into electrical signals, and/orsaving and transmitting them for viewing on a 3-dimensional display.

The technical result achieved by the invention consists of increasingthe number of aspects with relatively simple construction and with theuse of presently available components.

In another aspect, the present invention is directed to anoptical-electrical apparatus for reproducing a 3-dimensional image of anobject or scene, comprising: a display component for displaying aplurality of 2-dimensional images of the object or scene, the displaycomponent having a display surface and at least one input; a firstmatrix of converging micro-lenses, wherein each micro-lense is opticallycoupled to a discrete region of the display surface; a second matrix ofconverging micro-lenses optically coupled to the first matrix; a thirdmatrix of converging micro-lenses coaxially aligned and rigidlyconnected to the second matrix such that the second matrix is positionedin the primary focal plane of the third matrix, and such that theprimary focal plane of the third matrix is matched with the back focalplane of the first matrix, and wherein the first, second, and thirdmatrices in combination define a matrix of scanning elements configuredto sequentially project the plurality of 2-dimensional images of theobject or scene, and wherein each 2-dimensional image' is projected at aspecific angle relative to the scanning matrix; a displacement mechanismfor continuously moving the position of the first matrix relative to thesecond and third matrices; a positional sensor for sensing the positionof the first matrix relative to the second and third matrices; acontroller connected to the positional sensor, wherein the controller isconfigured to synchronize the position of the first matrix relative tothe second and third matrices and with each of the sequentiallyprojected 2-dimensional image of the object or scene; and a memorycomponent connected to the controller and the display component, whereinthe memory is configured to store data associated with the position ofthe first matrix relative to the second and third matrices and with thesequentially projected 2-dimensional image of the object or scene.

These and other aspects of the present invention will become moreevident upon reference to the following detailed description andattached drawings. It is to be understood, however, that variouschanges, alterations, and substitutions may be made to the specificembodiments disclosed herein without departing from their essentialspirit and scope. In addition, it is to be further understood that thedrawings are intended to be illustrative and symbolic representations ofcertain exemplary embodiments of the present invention and as such theyare not necessarily drawn to scale. Finally, it is expressly providedthat all of the various references cited herein are incorporated hereinby reference in their entireties for all purposes.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The essence of the invention consists in achieving the above-mentionedtechnical result in equipment to present a 3-dimensional representation,which contains a component for transformation of a 2-dimensionalrepresentation with digital inputs, an initial 2-dimensional matrix ofcollecting micro-lenses, in which each micro-lens is optically joined tothe corresponding area of the display surface of the equipment for2-dimensional representation, second and third 2-dimensional matrices ofmicro-lenses, tightly joined in a one-to-one fashion, which in turn arecoaxially aligned and optically joined to the micro-lenses of the firstpositioning matrix, forming along with the first matrix a matrix ofscanning elements for later projection of 2-dimensional representationsin their aspect angles, and a mechanism for adjusting the matrices ofmicro-lenses, a positional sensor for the micro-lenses and a controller,connected to the adjusting mechanism by a digital input, equipped withthe ability to synchronize display of each frame of the 2-dimensionalrepresentation with the corresponding position of the matrix ofmicro-lenses; the second matrix is positioned on the foreground focalplane of the third matrix, which [third matrix] is combined with thebackground focal surface of the first matrix, the first matrix or thecombined second and third matrices can be adjusted in the plane of theircomponent, and the digital input of the display equipment is connectedto a block of buffered memory whose synchronization input is connectedto the controller output.

The 2-dimensional display component contains at least one spatial lightmodulator (SLM) and one light source for illuminating the correspondingmodulator.

For projection of colored representations of an object, the displayequipment contains at least two controlling light sources of differentcolors for illumination of the space-time light modulator by an opticalcomponent that mixes their light, and a control component providing thecapability to switch the light sources depending on the color of theimage of the aspect angles. Each output of the control component isconnected to the control input of the corresponding light source, andthe synchronization input is connected to the output of the controller.

For projection of colored representations of an object, the displayequipment can contain at least two light sources of different colors,each for illumination of the corresponding space-time light modulator,which are optically joined to the first matrix of micro-lenses by anoptical component for mixing the light, and by digital inputs of eachmodulator connected to the corresponding digital outputs of a block ofbuffered memory.

Equipment for display of 2-dimensional representations can beconstructed as an LED matrix or as a laser diode matrix.

The adjustment mechanism of the matrices is constructed as a2-coordinate mechanism for back-and forth adjustment.

For projection of a 2-dimensional representation of all aspect angles ofan object consisting of a single frame of its 3-dimensionalrepresentation, the amplitude of adjustment for each coordinate does notexceed the corresponding spacing of the micro-lenses.

To change the scale of a 2-dimensional representation, the first matrixof micro-lenses is optically joined to the display surface of theequipment by the first telescopic optical system.

The first telescopic optical system consists of a spatial filter withintegrated focus of its elements.

The first, second and third matrices of micro-lenses are eachconstructed as a lenticular matrix of cylindrical, vertically alignedlenses. The adjustment mechanism is constructed as a back-and-forthhorizontal adjustment mechanism for the first matrix of micro-lenses,and as a single back-and-forth horizontal adjustment mechanism for thecombined second and third matrices of micro-lenses.

The first matrix is constructed with the same spacing betweenmicro-lenses as the second and third matrices.

The first, second, and third matrices are constructed of identicalmicro-lenses.

Each micro-lens of the first matrix is optically joined to thecorresponding region of the display surface of the equipment using thecorresponding fiber of the first fiber-optic matrix.

This technical result is achieved in a stereoscopic television system,which includes a component for composing a 3-dimensional representation,a component for transformation of 2-dimensional representations withdigital inputs, a first 2-dimensional matrix of collecting micro-lenses,in which each micro-lens is optically joined to the corresponding regionof the display surface of the component for transformation of2-dimentional representations, a module for composing [digital] signalsof 2-dimensional representations, digital outputs connected to thedigital inputs of the component for composing stereoscopicrepresentations and containing a 2-dimensional receiving matrix ofcollecting lenses, analogous in number and position to the first matrixof micro-lenses, an objective collecting lens for projecting therepresentation of a 3-dimensional object on the receiving matrix ofmicro-lenses, and at least one multi-element matrix photo-detectioncomponent for transformation of 2-dimensional representations of theaspect angles of a 3-dimensional object into the appropriate electricalsignals, and whose outputs provide digital representation of the2-dimensional representation. Moreover, the component for display ofstereoscopic representation is equipped with interconnected second andthird 2-dimensional matrices of micro-lenses, coaxially aligned andoptically joined to the micro-lenses of the first matrix, forming alongwith the first matrix scanning elements for sequential projection of2-dimensional representations in the direction of their aspect angles, afirst mechanism for adjusting the matrices of micro-lenses, a firstpositional sensor for the adjusted micro-lenses, and a controllerconnected by a digital input to the positional sensor, providing theability to synchronize display of each frame of the 2-dimensionalrepresentation with the corresponding position of the matrix ofmicro-lenses. In this case, the second matrix is positioned on theforeground focal plane of the third matrix, which [third matrix] iscombined with the background focal plane of the first matrix. The firstmatrix or the combined second and third matrices can be adjusted in theplane of their component. Moreover, the digital input of the displaycomponent is connected to the digital input of the input of thecomponent for display of stereoscopic representation by a module ofbuffered memory whose synchronization input is connected to thecontroller output, and the module for digitization of 2-dimensionalrepresentations is equipped with fourth and fifth 2-dimensional matricesof micro-lenses with a multi-element spatial filter forming, inconjunction with the receiving matrix, a matrix of elements for tuning2-dimensional representations of the aspect angles of the 3-dimensionalrepresentation of an object. In this case the fourth matrix is tightlyjoined to the receiving matrix and positioned in its background focalplane. The multi-element spatial filter is tightly joined to the fifthmatrix, positioned in its foreground focal plane, and adjoins the fourthmatrix. The fifth matrix, jointly with the spatial filter, or thereceiving matrix, jointly with the fourth matrix, can be adjusted intheir respective planes to change their relative position to each other,and each adjusting element includes the corresponding element of thespatial filter, and the micro-lenses of the receiving, fourth, and fifthMatrices. A micro-lens of the fourth matrix is coaxially aligned with amicro-lens of the receiving matrix and optically joined to theappropriate element of the spatial filter, which [element] is located inthe axis of the indicated micro-lens of the fifth matrix, [saidmicro-lens being] joined to the appropriate region of the photosensitivesurface of the photo-detecting component for projection of theappropriate part of the 2-dimensional representation of the aspectangle. The second adjustment mechanism of the indicated matrices, thesecond positional sensor of the combined matrices, and thesynchronization controller for the display module adjust the2-dimensional representation with respect to the corresponding positionof the combined matrices. Moreover the digital input of the controlleris connected to the output of the second positional sensor, and theinput—with the synchronization of the photo-detection component.

The 2-dimensional display component contains at least one spatial lightmodulator and at least one light source for illumination of themodulator.

For projection of color representations of an object the displaycomponent can contain at least two controlling light sources ofdifferent colors for illumination of the space-time light modulatorusing an optical component for mixing of their rays and a controlcomponent providing the capability to switch the light sources dependingon the color of the image of the aspect angles. Each output of thecontrol component is connected to a control input of the correspondinglight source, and the synchronization input is connected to the outputof the controller.

For projections of colored representations of an object, the displayequipment can contain at least two light sources of different colors,each for illumination of the corresponding space-time light modulator,which are optically joined to the first matrix of micro-lenses by anoptical component for mixing the light, and by digital inputs of eachmodulator connected to the corresponding digital outputs of the block ofbuffered memory.

Equipment for display of 2-dimensional representations can beconstructed as an LED matrix or as a laser diode matrix.

The first mechanism is constructed as a 2-coordinate mechanism forback-and forth adjustment of the matrices of micro-lenses.

For projection of a 2-dimensional representation of all aspect angles ofan object, consisting of a single frame of its 3-dimensionalrepresentation, the amplitude of adjustment for each coordinate does notexceed the corresponding spacing of the micro-lenses.

To change the scale of a 2-dimensional representation, the first matrixof micro-lenses is optically joined to the display surface of theequipment by the first telescopic optical system.

The first telescopic optical system consists of a spatial filter withintegrated focus of its elements.

The first, second and third matrices of micro-lenses are eachconstructed as a lenticular matrix of cylindrical, vertically alignedlenses. The first adjustment mechanism is constructed as aback-and-forth horizontal adjustment mechanism for the first matrix ofmicro-lenses, or as a back-and-forth horizontal adjustment mechanism forthe combined second and third matrices of micro-lenses.

The first matrix is constructed with the same spacing betweenmicro-lenses as the second and third matrices.

The first, second, and third matrices are constructed of identicalmicro-lenses.

Each micro-lens of the first matrix is optically joined to thecorresponding region of the display surface of the equipment using thecorresponding fiber of the first fiber-optic matrix.

The digital outputs of the component for producing the signals [digitalrepresentation] of the 2-dimensional representation are connected to theoutputs for 3-dimensional stereoscopic display by a communicationschannel.

The component for producing the signals of the 2-dimensionalrepresentation contains at least two multi-element arrays ofphoto-detection equipment, and each photo-detection component serves totransform a 2-dimensional representation of the aspect angles of a3-dimensional object of the corresponding color, and its photosensitivesurface is optically joined to the fifth matrix through an opticalsplitter and a color light filter of the given color.

The fifth matrix of micro-lenses is optically joined to thephotosensitive surface of the photo-detection equipment through a secondtelescopic optical system for changing the scale of the 2-dimensionalrepresentation.

Each micro-lens of the fifth matrix is optically joined to thecorresponding section of the photosensitive surface of thephoto-detection equipment using the corresponding fiber of the secondfiber-optic matrix.

The multi-element matrix spatial filter is constructed as an opaquescreen with holes, each of which is positioned in the axis of thecorresponding micro-lens of the fifth matrix.

Thanks to the use of a system of three coupled matrices of micro-lenses,which can be adjusted with respect to each other, it is possible tospatially differentiate (scan) a large number of representations of theaspect angles of a 3-dimensional object and direct the illumination ofthese aspect angles in the appropriate directions.

In addition, thanks to the use of buffered memory, the component with apositional sensor of the matrices, controller, and device for adjustmentof the matrices provides the ability to display the aspect anglessequentially in time with the necessary frequency, and thus facilitatestemporal scanning of the aspect angles, which in turn allows display ofa moving object, as well as the use of a display device with a minimumnumber of elements, that is, with a number of elements equal to thenumber of elements in the representation of a single aspect angle, andnot depending on the number of aspect angles.

Also, these features provide comfortable viewing conditions for severalviewers of a stereo picture of a 3-dimensional object without noticeablediscontinuity of the aspect angles and in an acceptably wide viewingangle, and without use of either supplementary equipment such as glassesor systems to track the position of the eyes (or head) of the viewer.

Use in the display, for the component to display the 2-dimensional dataof the SLMs, of matrices of LEDs or lasers, provides optimization,depending on the application, of the technological parameters, inparticular, the brightness of the representation, the dimensions of thedisplay and its energy requirements.

Use of optical mixers and a number of components working in parallel todisplay the image provides the ability to display color representations,allowing an improvement in the quality of the display of objects and inthe comfort provided to viewers.

Use in the display of the device for back-and-forth adjustment of thematrices with amplitudinal adjustment no larger that the spacing of themicro-lenses of the matrices simplifies the mechanical construction (thescreen) of the display and decreases its dimensions and mass.

The telescopic optical system allows us to join the necessarycharacteristics of small-scale equipment for presenting representationsof aspect angles, in particular the SLMs, with screens (in this casematrices of micro-lenses) of large dimensions, and thus solve theproblem of scaling the dimensions of the display.

The spatial filter, implemented in common with a telescopic opticalsystem, allows us to smooth out the digital structure of therepresentation of an aspect angle, to significantly simplify theadjustment of the representation of the angle with respect to thematrices of micro-lenses and improve the quality of the presentedpicture through elimination of interference in the form of a moirepicture, which would result if there was not an exact concurrencebetween the elements in the representation of the aspect angles and thespacing of the micro-lens matrices.

Use of matrices of micro-lenses with identical parameters, and oflenticular matrices, simplifies construction of the equipment and itstuning.

Use of a fiber-optic matrix provides the basis for screens forlarge-scale displays, and at the same time for minimization of thedimensions of the equipment.

Use in a television stereoscopic system of joined supplementary matricesof micro-lenses and a matrix spatial filter, which can be adjusted withrespect to each other, allows us to spatially separate and sequentiallyextract individual 2-dimensional representations of aspect angles anddirect them to the photo-detector, which must have a resolution (numberof elements or pixels) corresponding to the resolution of at least onerepresentation of an aspect angle of a 3-dimensional object, but not thesum of pixels - elements of all aspect angles, as in the prototype.Also, in contrast to the prototype, this allows for use of a commonmatrix photo-detection device (photo-transformer) and provides therequired characteristics (parameters) of the data for 2-dimensionalpictures of aspect angles suitable for use in a 3-dimensional display.

Use of optical tuners and a few photo-detection components and colorlight filters allows us to display and transmit signals of colorrepresentations, which enables us to use a color stereo display.

The telescopic optical system, joined to the matrices of micro-lensesand the photo-detector, allows us to compose and easily tune a matrix ofmicro-lenses and the matrix photo-detector, which have different scales.

Use of a fiber-optic matrix, joined to the matrices of micro-lenses andthe photo-detector, allows us to optically align the matrix ofmicro-lenses and the matrix photo-detector, which have different scales,as well as to decrease the dimensions of all equipment.

In this way, the sum of the optical characteristics allows us to achievein this invention the observed technical results, which cannot beachieved in the prototype or in other analogous devices.

An effective solution to the problem of producing a 3-dimensional stereodisplay, intended for comfortable use by one or move viewers, in largepart depends on the use of presently available components. Since thedisplay of 3-dimensional pictures requires the use and modification of astream of digital data many (hundreds or thousands) times larger thanfor display of common 2-dimensional pictures (for example, on a computerscreen or television set), it is necessary to use high-performancematrix components for the transformation of electric signals into light.Other known patents propose to use either matrix space-time lightmodulators or a matrix of LEDs or laser diodes for volumetric displays.However, a component with either a very large number of elements(pixels) (at least in the tens of pixels) with low frequency (as used,for example, in TV technology), or a component with a normal number ofelements in the display image (for example, in PC monitors or TVs), butat high frequencies (greater than a kHz) might be useful in theseapplications. As mentioned above, while a variant with a large number ofpixels is unrealistic at the present time, equipment corresponding tothe parameters of the second type functioning as high-speedmicro-displays already exists and is in use today. Production ofhigh-speed and high-performance displays (display equipment) of largedimensions at the present time has not been perfected, since thispresents significant technical difficulties.

One of the main tasks solved in this invention is construction ofvolumetric stereo displays of large dimensions, specifically with alarge screen, on the basis of presently available high-speedmicro-displays.

In the case of the use of high-speed SLMs (or, for example, matrices oflight or laser diodes), 2-dimensional pictures of the aspect angles of a3-dimensional object (stereo representation) must be reproducedsequentially in time, or in other words, scanned in time, and moreoverthe frequency of their appearance and the intensity must be such as toensure a unified picture of a moving object. (Thus, for example, withthe number of aspect angles equal to 100, the acceptable frequency forchange of the aspect angles is equal to about 2.5 kHz). However, besidesproviding the necessary frequency for displaying pictures of aspectangles, it is necessary to provide reproduction of a sufficiently largenumber of aspect angles and to scan these angles (i.e., carry outspatial scanning) over a sufficiently wide angle, at which therepresentation of the 3-dimensional object is visible.

This invention proposes a solution to the presented problems through theuse of a high-speed display of 2-dimensional data and throughapplication of a specialized optical arrangement.

Equipment for display of a 3-dimensional representation (3-dimensionalstereo display) includes a communications channel (data flow) 1,connected to a buffered memory module 2, its connected controller 3, anda display component 4 for 2-dimensional representations connected tobuffered memory module 2, before which is placed a matrix 5 of scanningelements, which is composed of sequentially positioned: first2-dimensional matrix 6 of collecting micro-lenses, second 2-dimensionalmatrix 7 of micro-lenses and third 2-dimensional matrix 8 ofmicro-lenses. The matrices are positioned in XY planes perpendicular tothe Z direction. The equipment also contains a mechanism 9 forback-and-forth adjustment of the matrices, which can be connected to thefirst matrix or to the joined second and third matrices.

Functioning of the display takes place in the following manner.Information in the form of electrical digital signals, corresponding toa 2-dimensional representation of the i^(th) aspect angle, istransmitted from the communications channel (arrival of the data) 1 tothe buffered memory module 2, and then, in conformity with thesynchronization, signals from the controller 3 appear at the componentfor display of 2-dimensional representations 4. The display component 4,in accordance with the electrical signals, forms a matrix array ofparallel beams whose distribution of intensity corresponds to thedistribution of intensity in the representation of the i^(th) aspectangle. Then these beams, distributed as shown in FIG. 1 along dimensionZ, illuminate the matrix 5 of scanning elements. This matrix consists ofvarious elements as shown. Each micro-lens of the first matrix 6,optically joined to the display component, is illuminated by thecorresponding beam. The beams, passing through the micro-lenses, arefocused on the surface located at distance F₁ from the first matrix. Inthis manner, on this surface, representation of the (i^(th)) aspectangle appears as a matrix array of small dots of varying intensity andspaced at the dimensions of the micro-lenses of the first matrix. Thediameter d₁ of these dots can be determined according to the formula:

d₁ {x,y}≈λF₁/D₁ {x,y},

where λ—wavelength of the radiation [beam],

F₁—focal length of the micro-lenses,

D₁ {x,y}—size of the aperture of the micro-lenses of the first matrix.

Then the beams pass through the corresponding micro-lenses of the second7 and third 8 matrices. These two matrices are tightly joined to eachother, and the corresponding micro-lenses are co-axially aligned. Thesecond matrix 7 is arranged in the focal plane of the first matrix ofmicro-lenses 6, i.e., at a distance of F₁ from it, and the third matrix8—in the (background) focal plane of the second matrix 7 ofmicro-lenses, at a distance of F₂ from it. In addition, the second andthird matrices are equipped with a mechanism 9 for back-and-forthadjustment, and their position can be changed with respect to the firstmatrix by movement in the plane in which they are located. In this waythe beams formed by the display component 4 and representing the i^(th)aspect angle of the object, passing through the matrix of scanningelements 5 consisting of matrices 6, 7 and 8, will present a matrixarray of parallel beams 10, whose distribution (range) of intensitycorresponds to the range of intensity in the representation of thei^(th) aspect angle, and the angle of diffraction α_(i) from the opticalaxis of the micro-lenses of the third matrix depends on the relativemovement of the matrices Δ_(i) {x,y} and equals:

α_(i){x,y}=arc tg {Δ_(i){x,y}/F₂}

Obviously, the maximum angle of diffraction α₀ will be seen whenΔ_(i){x,y}=D₂{x,y}/2, where D₂ {x,y} is the size of the apertures of themicro-lenses of the second matrix, and consequently the viewer (11) orviewers can see the aspect angles of a 3-dimensional object (or scene),i.e., they can see a volumetric stereo representation, in the angle of

2α₀ {x,y}=2arc tg {D₂{x,y}/(2F₂)}

An important condition affecting realization of the maximum number ofaspect angles of a 3-dimensional object, and in turn providing thelargest angle of view, is the number of focused dots provided by thematrix 6 of micro-lenses in the direction of movement of the matrices.The maximum number of aspect angles that can be provided (specificallyin direction X) is equal to the aperture of the elements (micro-lenses)matrices in this direction, divided by the size of a focused dot, i.e.,

D₂ {x}/d{x}=D₂{x} D₁ {x}/λF₁

To ensure the largest angle of view, to minimize the loss of light, andto decrease parasitic lighting, it is best to use three identicalmatrices of micro-lenses with as wide an aperture as possible.

Naturally, for each representation of an aspect angle of an object theremust be a specific corresponding angle of diffraction, and consequentlythe tempo of the appearance of data at the digital input of the displaycomponent 4 must be synchronized with the speed of adjustment ofmatrices 7 and 8 using mechanism 9. These conditions are created usingsignals of the first positional sensor 12, which [signals] arrive atcontroller 3 and are used to generate synchronization signals, which inturn regulate the appearance of information from buffered memory 2 atthe digital input of the display component of 2-dimensionalrepresentations 4.

The cycle of transmission of all (possible in a given system) aspectangles of a single frame of a 3-dimensional representation isaccomplished using a summary (relative) movement of the matrices equalin range to the size of their elements, and then the cycle is repeatedfor the following frames.

Depending on whether it is necessary to transmit the full parallax,i.e., in both horizontal and vertical planes, the movement must be inboth directions, and for this a two-coordinate mechanism must be used.At the same time, in most applications of stereo displays only thehorizontal parallax is significantly limited, since the viewer's eyesare arranged horizontally and the absence of vertical parallax haslittle effect on display of volumetric effects. On the other hand,application of only the horizontal parallax simplifies and gives a morecompact construction (adjustment mechanism, mechanics), simplifies theoptics, and decreases the demand for high speed operation of the displaycomponent.

FIG. 2 illustrates a common case, in which a type of matrix componentfor transforming electric signals into light, commonly available today,is used as the display component. This component consists of atransparent matrix space-time light modulator (SLM) 13 and a lightsource 14. The SLM can also be a reflective type based on liquidcrystals, a matrix of micro-mirrors (MEMS technology) and other[components]. A matrix of LEDs or laser diodes can also be used as thedisplay component and can include functions of a modulator and lightsource.

The quality of a display is significantly increased by the ability todisplay color representation. To implement this ability there are twovariants:

The first is use of a single SLM 13, which in turn is illuminated byvarious (for example, RGB) colors from a single (with changing colorfilters) or several light sources. FIG. 3 shows a variant with twosources of polarized light 14 and 15, the light from which is blendedand sent to the SLM 13 using an optical component in the form of apolarized cube 16. The corresponding control component 17 and 18 enablealternating activation of the light sources depending on the color ofthe representation of the aspect angles, while the outputs of thecontrol component are connected to the control input of thecorresponding light source, and the synchronization input is connectedto the output of controller 3.

The second variant is illustrated in FIG. 4. For projection of colorrepresentations of an object, the display component contains severallight sources of different colors (in FIG. 4 two light sources 14 and 19[sic; 20] are shown, for illumination of the corresponding SLMs 13 and20 [sic;12]). After passing through the SLMSs, the modulated beams areblended using the polarized cube 16 and directed to the first matrix ofmicro-lenses 6. Thus, in this scheme all color composite representationsof a single aspect angle are transmitted simultaneously (in parallel),and the digital input of each modulator is connected to thecorresponding digital output of the buffered memory module 3.

FIG. 5 presents the diagram of a display in which a telescopic opticalsystem 21 is used, which allows us to combine its necessarycharacteristics, in particular, high-speed operation, and the smalldimensions for the display component for representation of aspect angles3 with a screen (in this case with matrices of micro-lenses 6 and 7, 7and 8) of large dimensions, and thus solve the problem of scaling thedimensions of the display screen.

FIG. 6 shows use of a spatial filter, in particular an opaque screenwith an opening 22, in conjunction with a telescopic system 21. Duringoperation of this system, due to the discrete character of the elementsof the representation formed by the display component 4, and due also tothe aberration of the optical system 21 and other elements, problems mayarise with exact mixing of pictures of the representation aspect angleswith the elements (micro-lenses) of the first matrix 6, which can leadto the appearance of noise (in the form of a moire picture) in theobserved representation. This can be avoided, as shown in FIG. 6, byplacing (in particular, in the optical system 21) a spatial filter 22(an opaque screen with an opening) that “spreads” the discrete spots andeliminates the necessity of exact registration of the pictures of anaspect angle with the elements of the matrices. Moreover, mechanism 9,connected to the first matrix 6, can adjust this matrix during operationrelative to the, in this case stationary, matrices 7 and 8. This meansthat stationary elements of the display will be shown to the viewer,which increases his comfort.

FIG. 7 illustrates a diagram for realization of horizontal parallax inwhich lenticular matrices 6*, 7* and 8* are used. Use of only horizontalparallax, as is well known, and as was shown above, only slightlydecreases the sense of 3-dimensionality of the scene, but significantlysimplifies the equipment, with respect both to construction and torequirements on the parameters of basic elements and assemblies.

FIG. 8 shows a variant of joining the matrix 6 of micro-lenses and thedisplay component 4, both having different scales (dimensions) using afiber-optic gasket [sic] 23, which also allows us to decrease thedimensions and mass of the equipment.

A television stereoscopic system using a 3-dimensional stereoscopicdisplay 29 works in the following manner. The module for forming signalsof a 2-dimensional representation 30, whose digital outputs areconnected to the digital inputs of the 3-dimensional display through thecommunications channel 1, receives light from a 3-dimensional object 31or scene and produces electrical signals corresponding to the2-dimensional representation of the aspect angles of the object. Thetransmitted signals are again transformed by the display 29 into arepresentation of the aspect angles of a 3-dimensional object andprojected to viewers 11 and 11*.

Technology for producing data of the 2-dimensional aspect angles of3-dimensional virtual objects using computers is relatively well known.Such data can be saved in the memory of a computer or specialized(memory) devices and later used by a 3-dimensional display. However,there is interest in producing such data for real objects (scenes) inorder to save and transmit this data over communications channels (inparticular television transmission) and to reproduce the 3-dimensionalrepresentation of objects on a 3-dimensional display. Moreover, it isunderstood that the component for producing the signals (data) must becapable of producing data that can be interpreted by the 3-dimensionaldisplay intended for reproduction of the representation.

In this invention this requirement is solved by using optical means toproduce discrete focused images of the majority of aspect angles of a3-dimensional object, subsequent isolation of separate (images) aspectangles, transmission of the representations of these images to a matrixphoto-detector (photo-transformer), production of correspondingelectrical signals and transmission (or recording) of these signals to amemory (or data storage) device, or transmission over communicationschannels (in particular, television transmission) to a 3-dimensionaldisplay.

FIG. 10 shows a principal diagram of a module for production of signalsof a 2-dimensional representation 30, of a television stereoscopicsystem. Light from object 31 passes through a gathering optical device(converging lens) 32 to a matrix of tuning elements 33, consisting of areceiving 2-dimensional matrix of receiving micro-lenses 34, analogousin number and relative position to the micro-lenses to the first matrixof micro-lenses 06 in FIG. 1, fourth 35 and fifth 2-dimensional matricesof micro-lenses and the multi-element spatial filter 37. The receivingmatrix of micro-lenses 34 produces, in the focal plane (at distance F₃),the majority of aspect angles of the 3-dimensional object in the form ofa representation consisting of focused dots, arranged with spacingidentical to the spacing of the micro-lenses of the matrix. Thedimensions of these dots equals

d₃ {x,y}≈λF₃/D₃{x,y},

where λ is the wavelength of the illumination,

F₃ is the focal length of the micro-lenses of the receiving matrix,

D₃ {x,y} is the aperture size of the micro-lenses of the receivingmatrix.

Representations of aspect angles are moved relative to each other in thefocal plane by the distance d₃. The fourth matrix 35 is tightlyconnected to the receiving matrix 34. The distance between them is equalto the focal distance F₄ of the micro-lenses of matrix 35.

FIG. 10 shows a case where F₄=F₃. All optical axes of the beams passingthrough the micro-lenses of matrix 35 are parallel to each other andperpendicular to the surface of the matrices of micro-lenses.

The multi-element matrix spatial filter 37 is tightly connected to thefifth matrix 36, positioned in its foreground focal plane, and adjoinsthe fourth matrix 35. The matrix spatial filter 37 consists of (in thesimplest variant) an opaque screen with openings of dimension d₃ spacedidentically to the micro-lenses, because through these openings and thenthrough the micro-lenses of matrix 36 pass beams corresponding to onlyone of the aspect angles. Tuning of the representation of specificaspect angles takes place by movement, controlled by the secondpositional sensor 38, of matrices 34 and 35, initiated by secondback-and-forth adjustment mechanism 39.

The maximum number of aspect angles that can be tuned (in particular, indimension X) is equal to the aperture of the elements (micro-lenses) ofthe matrices in this dimension, divided by the size of the focused dot,i.e.,

D₄ {x}/d₃ {x}=D₄{x} D₃ {x}/λF₃,

where D₄ {x} is the size of the aperture of the micro-lenses of thefourth matrix in dimension X.

The beams of a specific representation of an aspect angle selected(tuned) in this manner are then projected onto the appropriate region ofthe photosensitive surface of multi-element matrix photo-detectingcomponent 40. At the same time, a synchronization signal, which servesto control the process of computation of the photo-detector andidentification of the computed electrical signals with a specificrepresentation of the aspect angles of a 3-dimensional object, is issuedfrom the controller of composition module 41. The synchronization signalis also formed using data on the length of movement of the matrices ofthe corresponding angle β_(j), under which the j^(th) aspect angle 42 isviewed, and the angle of diffraction β_(j), from the optical axes of themicro-lenses of the receiving matrix, depends on the relative movementof the matrices Δ_(i) {x,y} and is equal to:

βj {x,y}=arc tg {Δ_(j){x,y}/F₃}.

From photo-detecting component 40, data in the form of electricalsignals travel through the communications channel 01 to the3-dimensional stereo display (or the data storage component).

Use of optical splitters and several photo-detecting components andcolor light filters can facilitate generation and transmission ofsignals for color representations, which allows us to display stereorepresentations. FIG. 11 shows a variant with two matrix photo-detectingcomponents 40 and 43, on which are projected different coloredrepresentations of an aspect angle separated, respectively, by colorfilters 44 and 45. The original representation of the aspect angle issplit into two identical representations using a splitting cube 46.

FIG. 12 illustrates the use of a second telescopic optical system 47 forcomposition (joining) of different scales (dimensions) by a fifth matrixof micro-lenses 37 [sic; 36] and a photo-detecting component 40.

FIG. 13 illustrates the use of a second fiber-optic matrix (48) for thissame purpose and a second telescopic optical system.

Table 1 presents estimated parameters of a 3-dimensional stereo display,which can be built on the basis of the principles specified in thisinvention, and an analysis of the characteristics of its significantelements. (Data are given for a monochrome variant with horizontalparallax).

TABLE 1 Display component (space-time light modulator based on liquidcrystals) Number of elements (pixels) 512 × 512 Pixel spacing 15 μmMaximum frequency of changing frames, no less than 7.5 κHz Matrices(first, second and third matrix of micro-lenses) Spacing of themicro-lenses 1 mm Focal length of the micro-lenses 2 mm Screen of thedisplay Area 51 × 51 CM² Demonstrated characteristics of the displayHorizontal angle in which the object is observed 28 deg. Vertical anglein which the object is observed 28 deg. Number of aspect anglesdemonstrated in the 300 horizontal plane Number of aspect anglesdemonstrated in the vertical 1 plane Frequency of changing frames of therepresentation 25 sec⁻¹ of an object

While the present invention has been described in the context of theembodiments illustrated and described herein, the invention may beembodied in other specific ways or in other specific forms withoutdeparting from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, thedescribed embodiments are to be considered in all respects asillustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is,therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoingdescription, and all changes that come within the meaning and range ofequivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.

1.-36. (canceled)
 37. A multiview 3-dimentional display for sequentiallyprojecting 2-dimensional images into a wide field of view, comprising: adisplay component for 2-dimensional images, wherein the displaycomponent is connected to a module of buffered memory; a matrix ofscanning elements for sequentially projecting 2-dimensional images inthe plane of their aspect angles so as to produce the 3-dimensionalimage of an object or scene in the field of view, wherein the matrix ofscanning elements contains: a first 2-dimensional matrix of convergingmicro-lenses, wherein each micro-lens is optically joined to acorresponding region of a display surface of the display component for2-dimensional images; second and third 2-dimensional matrices ofmicro-lenses, wherein the micro-lenses of the second and third2-dimensional matrices are coaxially aligned and connected to eachother, and optically joined to the micro-lenses of the first matrix, andwherein the second matrix is positioned in the primary focal plane ofthe third matrix, and wherein the primary focal plane of the thirdmatrix is matched with the back focal plane of the first matrix; adisplacement mechanism for moving the position of the first matrix orthe combined second and third matrices relative to each other in theplane in which they are positioned; a positional sensor for the movingmatrix (matrices), wherein the positional sensor is connected to acontroller for synchronizing each 2-dimensional image with thecorresponding position of the matrix (matrices) of micro-lenses andwherein the output of the controller is connected to a synchronizationinput of the module of buffered memory.
 38. The multiview 3-dimensionaldisplay according to claim 37 wherein the display component for2-dimensional images contains a spatial light modulator (SLM) and atleast two controlled light sources of different colors for illuminationof the spatial light modulator through an optical component for mixingtheir light, and a control component for switching the light sourcesdepending on the color of the images of the aspect angles, and whereineach output of the control component is connected to the control inputof the corresponding light source, and the synchronization input isconnected to the 3D display controller output.
 39. The multiview3-dimensional display according to claim 37 wherein the displaycomponent for 2-dimensional images contains at least two spatial lightmodulators (SLMs) and at least two light sources of different colorseach for illumination of the corresponding SLM, and wherein said SLM isoptically joined to the first matrix through an optical mixingcomponent, and wherein the input of each SLM is connected to thecorresponding output of the module of buffered memory.
 40. The multiview3-dimensional display according to claim 37 wherein the displaycomponent for 2-dimensional images consists of a LED matrix.
 41. Themultiview 3-dimensional display according to claim 37 wherein thedisplay component for 2-dimensional images consists of a laser matrix.42. The multiview 3-dimensional display according to claim 37 whereinthe spacing between the micro-lenses of the first, second, and thirdmatrices are the same.
 43. The multiview 3-dimensional display accordingto claim 37 wherein the first, second and third matrices are composed ofidentical micro-lenses.
 44. The multiview 3-dimensional displayaccording to claim 37 wherein the first, second and third matrices ofmicro-lenses are each a lenticular matrix of cylindrical, verticallyaligned lenses, and wherein the displacement mechanism is a mechanismfor back-and-forth horizontal movement.
 45. The multiview 3-dimensionaldisplay according to claim 44 wherein the amplitude of back-and-forthmovement does not exceed the corresponding spacing of micro-lenses. 46.The multiview 3-dimensional display according to claim 37 wherein thefirst matrix of micro-lenses is optically joined to the display surfaceof the display component through a telescopic optical system.
 47. Themultiview 3-dimensional display according to claim 37 wherein eachmicro-lens of the first matrix is optically joined to the correspondingregion of the display surface of the display component through thecorresponding fiber of a fiber-optic matrix.
 48. A television system forproducing a 3-dimentional representation of an object or scene,comprising: a 3-dimentional module (3D module) for selecting2-dimensional representations of aspect angles of the 3-dimentionalobject or scene, transforming selected 2-dimensional representationsinto corresponding signals and transmitting said signals through acommunications channel; a 3-dimentional display (3D display) forreproducing 2-dimentional representations of aspect angles of the3-dimentional object or scene from said signals, wherein the 3D displayis connected to the communications channel; and wherein the 3D displaycontains a module of buffered memory connected to the communicationschannel; a display component for 2-dimensional representations, whereinthe display component is connected to the module of buffered memory; afirst 2-dimensional matrix of converging micro-lenses, wherein eachmicro-lens is optically joined to a corresponding region of a displaysurface of the display component for 2-dimensional representations;second and third 2-dimensional matrices of micro-lenses, wherein themicro- lenses of the second and third matrices are coaxially aligned andconnected to each other, and optically joined to the micro-lenses of thefirst matrix, and wherein the second matrix is positioned in the primaryfocal plane of the third matrix, and wherein the primary focal plane ofthe third matrix is matched with the back focal plane of the firstmatrix; wherein a combination of the first, second and third matricesform a matrix of scanning elements for sequential projection of the2-dimensional representations in the plane of their aspect angles so asto produce the 3-dimensional representation of the object or scene; afirst displacement mechanism for moving the position of the first matrixor the combined second and third matrices relative to each other in theplane in which they are positioned; a first positional sensor for themoving matrix (matrices); a 3D display controller for synchronizing each2-dimensional representation with the corresponding position of themoving matrix (matrices) wherein the input of the 3D display controlleris connected to the first positional sensor, and wherein the output ofthe 3D display controller is connected to the synchronization input ofthe module of buffered memory; and wherein the 3D module contains areceiving 2-dimensional matrix of converging micro-lenses; a conversionlens for projection of 2- dimensional representations of the object orscene onto the receiving matrix of micro-lenses; fourth and fifth2-dimensional matrices of micro-lenses; a multi-element spatial filtermatrix; and at least one multi-element photo-detecting matrix forreadout selected 2-dimensional representations; wherein a combination ofthe receiving, fourth and fifth matrices of micro-lenses and themulti-element spatial filter matrix form a matrix of selecting elementsfor sequential selecting 2-dimensional representations; wherein thefourth matrix micro-lenses is rigidly connected to the receiving matrixand located in the back focal plane of the receiving matrix, and whereinmicro-lenses of the fourth matrix are coaxially aligned withmicro-lenses of the receiving matrix and optically joined to respectiveelements of the spatial filter matrix; wherein the spatial filter matrixis adjoining the fourth matrix, rigidly connected to the fifth matrixand located in the primary focal plane of the fifth matrix, and whereinmicro-lenses of the fifth matrix are coaxially aligned with respectiveelements of the spatial filter matrix and optically joined tocorresponding regions of the photosensitive surface of thephoto-detecting matrix; a second displacement mechanism for moving theposition of the combined receiving and fourth matrices or the combinedthe spatial filter matrix and the fifth matrix relative to each other intheir respective planes in which they are positioned; a secondpositional sensor for the moving combined matrices; a 3D modulecontroller for synchronizing readout of each 2-dimensionalrepresentation by said photo-detecting matrix with the correspondingposition of the moving combined matrices wherein the input of the 3Dmodule controller is connected to the second positional sensor, andwherein the output of the 3D module controller is connected to thesynchronization input of said photo-detecting matrix.
 49. The televisionsystem according to claim 48 wherein the display component for2-dimensional representations contains a spatial light modulator (SLM)and at least two controlled light sources of different colors forillumination of the spatial light modulator through an optical componentfor mixing their light, and a control component for switching the lightsources depending on the color of the representation of the aspectangles, and wherein each output of the control component is connected tothe control input of the corresponding light source, and thesynchronization input is connected to the 3D display controller output.50. The television system according to claim 48 wherein the displaycomponent for 2-dimensional representations contains at least twospatial light modulators (SLMs) and at least two light sources ofdifferent colors each for illumination of the corresponding SLM, andwherein said SLM is optically joined to the first matrix through anoptical mixing component, and wherein the input of each SLM is connectedto the corresponding output of the module of buffered memory.
 51. Thetelevision system according to claim 48 wherein the display componentfor 2-dimensional representation consists of a LED matrix.
 52. Thetelevision system according to claim 48 wherein the display componentfor 2-dimensional representation consists of a laser matrix.
 53. Thetelevision system according to claim 48 wherein the first matrix isimplemented with the same spacing of micro-lenses as the second andthird matrices of micro-lenses.
 54. The television system according toclaim 48 wherein the first, second and third matrices are composed ofidentical micro-lenses.
 55. The television system according to claim 48wherein the first, second and third matrices of micro-lenses are eachimplemented as a lenticular matrix of cylindrical, vertically alignedlenses, and wherein the first displacement mechanism is implemented as amechanism for back-and-forth horizontal movement.
 56. The televisionsystem according to claim 55 wherein the amplitude of movement does notexceed the corresponding spacing of micro-lenses.
 57. The televisionsystem according to claim 48 wherein the first matrix of micro-lenses isoptically joined to the display surface of the display component througha first telescopic optical system.
 58. The television system accordingto claim 48 wherein each micro-lens of the first matrix is opticallyjoined to the corresponding region of the display surface of the displaycomponent through the corresponding fiber of a first fiber-optic matrix.59. The television system according to claim 48 wherein the 3D modulecontains at least two multi-element photo-detecting matrices, whereineach photo-detecting matrix transforms 2-dimensional representations ofthe corresponding color, and wherein micro-lenses of the fifth matrixare optically joined to the photosensitive surface of saidphoto-detecting matrix through an optical splitter and a correspondingcolor filter.
 60. The television system according to claim 48 whereinmicro-lenses of the fifth matrix are optically joined to thephotosensitive surface of the photo-detecting matrix through a secondtelescopic optical system.
 61. The television system according to claim48 wherein each micro-lens of the fifth matrix is optically joined tothe corresponding region of the photosensitive surface of thephoto-detecting matrix through the corresponding fiber of a secondfiber-optic matrix.
 62. The television system according to claim 48wherein the multi- element matrix spatial filter is implemented as anopaque screen with openings, and wherein each opening is located in theaxis of the corresponding micro-lens of the fifth matrix.